Cardiovascular disease or Cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system (as used in MeSH), it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis (arterial disease). These conditions have similar causes, mechanisms, and treatments. In practice, Cardiovascular disease is treated by cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, vascular surgeons, neurologists, and interventional radiologists, depending on the organ system that is being treated. There is considerable overlap in the specialties, and it is common for certain procedures to be performed by different types of specialists in the same hospital.

There are many types of Cardiovascular diseases such as High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Angina, Arrhythmia etc.

Most countries face high and increasing rates of Cardiovascular disease. Each year, heart disease kills more Americans than cancer..

It is the number one cause of death and disability in the United States and most European countries (data available through 2005). A large histological study (PDAY) showed vascular injury accumulates from adolescence, making primary prevention efforts necessary from childhood.

By the time that heart problems are detected, the underlying cause (atherosclerosis) is usually quite advanced, having progressed for decades. There is therefore increased emphasis on preventing atherosclerosis by modifying risk factors, such as healthy eating, exercise and avoidance of smoking.

For Treatment of various Cardiovascular diseases following types of medicines are used.

Sr	Sub Group	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs In Treatment Of	Common Brand Name for Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
1.	HYPER ACIDITY, REFLUX, ULCERS	BISMUTH SUBCITERATE	Benign Gastric & Duodenal Ulceration	Mertonidazole,Tetracycline
1.	ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS	VERAPAMIL	Control of Ventricular & supraventricular arrhythmaias	Isoptin, Verelan, Calan, Bosoptin, Covera-HS
		QUINDINE	Management of cardiac arrhythmias	Quinaglute, Quinidex
		DISOPYRAMIDE	Mgt of supraventricular & ventricular arrhythmias	Norpace, Rythmodan
		AMIODARONE	Control of Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmaias including those associated w/Wolff-Prakinson-white syndrome	Pacerone,Cordrone, Aratac, Arycor
		SOTALOL HCL	Management of supraventricular arrhythmias	Betapace,Sotalex, Sotacor
		MEXILETINE	Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias	Mexitil
		ADENOSONE	Treatment of Paroxysmal supraventricularTachycardia; differentil diagnosis of superaventricular Tachycardias	Adenosine,Detoxamin
		ATENOLOL	Intravenou: emergency treatment of Cardiac arrhythmias	Tenormin
		DILITIAZAM	Intravenous: Mgt of cardiac arrhythmias	Progor,Herben,Attiazen, Cardizem, Dilatam,Tiazac, Dilcardia
		ISMOLOL	Intravenous: rapid temporary control of ventricular rate in superventricular arrhythmias	Brevibloc
		LIDOCAINE	Intravenous:treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in advanced cardiac life support for cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular Tachycardia	Lidocaine , Xylocaine
		METOPROLOL	Treatment of cardiac arrhthmias	Lopressor, Toprol-XL, Seleken Minax, Metrol, Betaloc, Neobloc, Corvitol.
		PROPAFENONE	Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutte ; Paroxysmal superaventricular Tachycardia associated w/ disabling symptoms	Propafenone
		PROPRANOLOL	Intravenous: Emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias	Inderal,Inderal LA,Propranolol Hydrochloride, Propranolol Intensol, Apo-Propranolol
		S- ATENOLOL		Apo-Atenolol,Novo-Atenolol, Tenormin
2.	ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS	AMILORIDE + HYDROCHLOTHIAZIDE	Mild to moderate Hyper Tension (HTN)	Moduretic,Apo-Amilzide , Gen-Amilazide, Moduret, Nu-Amilzide
		AMLODIPINE	Mangement of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Dailyvasc,Norvasc,Istin, Perivasc
		AMLODIPINE + ATENOLOL	Hyper Tension (HTN)	Tenoretic,Apo-Atenidone, Tenoretic
		AMLODIPINE + BENAZEPRIL	Hyper Tension(HTN)	Lotrel
		AMLODIPINE + ENALAPRIL	Refractory HTN,HTN w/ coexisting congestive failure
		AMLODIPINE + LISINOPRIL	Mild to moderate Hyper Tension (HTN) not responding to monotherapy
		AMLODIPINE + LOSARTAN	Mangement of Hyper Tension (HTN)
		ATENOLOL	Mangement of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Tenormin
		ATENOLOL+ CHLOTHALIDONE	Hyper Tension (HTN)
		ATENOLOL + NIFEDIPINE	Hyper Tension(HTN);Angina
		BENAZEPRIL	Treatment of  Hyper Tension (HTN)	Lotensin
		BENIDIPINE	Treatment of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Coniel
		BISOPROLOL	Mangement of Hyper Tension (HTN); management of Angina Pectoris	Concor,Zebeta,Monocor
		CANDESRTAN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Blopress,Atacand,Amias, Ratacand
		CAPTOPRIL	Treatment in Hyper Tension(HTN)	Capoten
		CAPTOPRIL + HYDRO CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Hyper Tension(HTN)	Capocard plus
		CARVEDILOL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Coreg,Dilatrend, Eucardic ,Carloc
		CELIPROLOL	Management of  Hyper Tension(HTN);Management of Angina Pectoris	Cardem,Celectol,Celipres, Celol, Cordiax,Dilanorm
		CLONIDINE	Treatment in Hyper Tension(HTN)	Catapres,Dixarit
		CLONIDINE + CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Treatment in Hyper tension(HTN)
		CLOPAMIDE	Hyper Tension(HTN)	Brinaldix
		DOXAZOSIN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Candura
		ENALAPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Renitec,Vasotec
		ENALAPRIL+HYDRO CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)
		FELODIPINE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Plendil
		FOSINOPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Monopril
		FUROSEMIDE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Lasix
		FUROSEMIDE + AMILORIDE	Mild to moderate HTN and where Diuresis is required but conservation of K & Mg is important
		HYDRO- CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Aquazide,Microzide, Esidrex, Oretc
		IMIDAPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Tanatril
		INDAPAMIDE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Natrilix
		IRBESARTAN	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Aprovel, Karvea, Avapro
		LABETALOL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Normodyne,Tradate, Normozyle
		LACIDIPINE	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Lacipil, Moteus
		LERCANIDIPINE	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Zamidip
		LISINOPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Prinivel, Zestril
		LOSARTAN	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Lozaar
		METHYLDOPA	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Aldomet,Dopamet, Novomedopa
		METOLAZONE	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Zaroxolyn,Mykrox
		METOPROLOL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Lopressor,Selokeen,Minax, Corvitol,Neobloc
		NEBIVOLOL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN)	Nebilet,Nebicard,Nubeta, Lobivan,Bystolic
		NIFEDEPINE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Adalat,Nefedical,Procardia
		PERINDOPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Coversyl,Aceon
		PRAZOSIN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Minipress,Vasoflex,Hypovase
		PROPRANOLOL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Avlocardyl
		RAMIPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Tritace,Ramace
		RESERPINE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Ecoplanet,Serpazide
		S-AMLODIPINE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)
		S-AMLODIPINR+ NEBIVOLOL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)
		S-ATENOL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)
		TELMISARTAN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Pritor,Kinzal,Micardis,Telday, Teleact-D
		TERAZOSIN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Hytrin
		TORASEMIDE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Luprac,Demadix
3.	ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS	TRANDOLAPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Mavik
		TRIAMTERENE	Oedema	Dyrenium
		VALSARTAN	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Diovan,Valtam,Valzaar
		VERAMPRIL	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN)	Isoptin,Veretan, CalanBosoptin, Cover-HS
4.	ANTIANGINALS & CORONORY VASOLIDATORS	AMLODIPINE	Management of Hyper Tension(HTN) & Angina Pectoris;treatment of stable Angina and Prinzmetal's Angina	Dailyvasc,Norvasc,Istin, Perivasc
		AMLODIPINE + ATENOLOL	Angina,Chronic Unstable Vasospastic & Unstable
		ATENOLOL	Management of Angina Pectoris	Tenormin
		ATENOLOL + NIFEDIPINE	HTN ;Angina
		BENIDIPINE	Management of Angina Pectoris	Coniel
		BISOPROLOL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN) & Angina Pectoris	Concor,Zebeta,Monocor
		CELIPROLOL	Management of Hyper Tension (HTN) & Angina Pectoris	Cardem,Celectol,Celipres, Celol,Cordiax, Dilanorm
		DILTIAZEM	Management of Angina Pectoris	Progor,Herben,Attiazem, Cardizem, Dilatam,Tiazac, Dilcardia
		FELODIPINE	Management of Angina Pectoris	Plendil
		GLYCERYL TRINITRATE	Longterm management of Stable Angina	Nitroglycerine
		ISOSORBIDE DINITERATE	Longterm management of Stable Angina	Dilatrate,Isordil, Cedocard, Sorbitrate,Isoket
		ISOSORBIDE MONONITERATE	Longterm management of Stable Angina & Heart Failure	Imdur,  Chemydur
		METOPROLOL	Management of Angina Pectoris	Lopresor,Toprol XL,Selokeen,Metrol,Betaloc
		NIFEDIPINE	Management of Angina Pectoris	Adalat, Nefedical, Procardia
		OXYFEDRINE	Management of Angina Pectoris
		PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRANITERATE	Management of Angina Pectoris
		PROPRANOLOL	Pheochromocytoma	Avlocardyl
		TRANDOLAPRIL		Mavik
		NICORANDIL	Management of Angina Pectoris	Ikorel,Dancor,Aprior ,Sigmart
5	VASODILATORS	CILOSTAZOL	Treatment of intermittent Claudication	Pletal
		CINNARIZINE	Treatment of peripheral vascular disorder	Stugeron,Stunarone
		CYCLANDELATE	Management of cerebrovascular & peripheral vascular disorders	Cyclospasmol
		ISOXSUPRINE	Treatment of Cereberal and peripheral vascular disease	Vasodilan,Voxsuprine
		PENTOXIFYLLINE	Treatment of  peripheral vascular disease	Trental
		XANTINOL NICOTINATE	Mgt of cerebrovascular & peripheral vascular disorders	All Pro
6.	VASOCONSTRICTORS	EPHEDRINE	Treatment of Diabetic neuropathic oedema	Ephedrine Sulfate
		MEPHENTERMINE	Maintenance of BP in hypotensive states	Adipex P,Anoxine-AM, Ionamin ,Duromine, Fastin, Mirapront , Obephen ,Obermine , Obestin-30,Phentremene , Phentrol , Phenterex, Phentromin ,Pro-Fast SA , Redusa, Panbesy,Phentermine Trenker , Obenix ,Oby-Trim, Teramine , Zantryl , Sinpet (MX),Supremin (PH , Umine (NZ), ,Weltmine (KP)
7.	ANTI COAGULANTS THROMBOLYTICS & ANTIPLATLET DRUGS	ABCIXIMAB	Stablisation in patients w/ unstable Angina	ReoPro
		ACENOCOUMAROL	Mgt of Thromboembolic disorders	Sintrom and Sinthrome
		ALTEPLASE	Intravenous: it initiates local fibrinolysis & dissolution of clots by binding to fibrin in a thrombus and the fibrin-bound plasminogen is converted to plasmin	Cathflo Activase
		ASPIRIN + CLOPIDOGREL	Secondary Prophylaxis of vascular events
		ASPIRIN+ DIPYRIDAMOLE	Secondary Prophylaxis of vascular events
		CLOPIDOGREL	Prophylaxis in Thromboembolic disorders including MI,peripheral arterial disease & Stroke	Plavix
		DALTEPARIN SODIUM	Treatment of established deep-vein thrombosis & plumonary embolism	Fragmin
		DIPYRIDAMOLE	Prophylaxis of Thromboembolism following cardiac valve replacement	Apo-Dipyridamole FC
		ENOXAPARIN	Treatment of Deep-Vien Thrombosis	LOVENOX,Clexane
		GENSPARIN	Treatment of Deep-Vien Thrombosis
		HEPARIN	treatment of Venous Thromboembolism	Heparin
		NADROPARIN CALCIUM	Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism during surgical procedures	Fraxiparine
		PARNAPARIN	Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism during surgical procedures	Fluxum
		REVIPARIN SODIUM	Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism during surgical procedures	Clivarin
		STREPTOKINASE	Treatment of acute MI	Streptase
		TICLOPDINE	Prevention of Thrombotic strokes	Ticlid
		TIROFIBAN	Mgt of unstable Angina	Aggrastat
		UROKINASE	Treatment of periphera Arterial Thromboembolism	Abbokinase,Abbokinase Open-Cath
		WARFARIN	Prevention & treatment of venous thromboembolism	Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, and Waran
8.	HAEMOSTATICS/ ANTIHAEMORRHAGICS	AMINOCAPROIC ACID	Treatment & prophylaxis of haemorrhage	Amicar
		APROTININ	Treatment of Haemorrhage
		ETHAMSYLATE	Mgt of short-term blood loss in Menorrhagia
		HEMOCOAGULASE	Haemostatic in primary & secondary & post operative in internal & external Haemorrhage
		SOMATOSTATIN	Treatment of GI haemorrhage	Somatostatin
		TRANEXAMIC ACID	Short term mgt of haemorrhage	Cyklokapron ,Transamin
9.	INOTROPIC AGENTS, DRUGS USED IN CHF	AMRINONE	Short term mgt of Heart failure	Inocor
		CAPTOPRIL	Treatment of Heart failure	Capoten
		CAPTOPRIL+ HYDRO CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Treatment of Heart failure
		DIGOXIN	Mgt of supraventricular arrhythmias atrial fiberillation& heart failure	Lanoxin, Digitek, Lanoxicaps
		DOBUTAMINE	Mgt of acute Heart failure
		DOPAMINE	Treatment of acute heart failure & MI	Dobutamine
		ENALAPRIL	Mgt of heart failure	Renitec and Vasotec
		ENALAPRIL+ CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Mgt of heart failure
		LISINOPRIL	Mgt of heart failure	Prinivil , Tensopril, Zestril
		PERINDOPRIL	Mgt of heart failure	Coversyl, Aceon
		RAMIPRIL	Mgt of heart failure	Tritace , Altace
10.	DIURETICS	ACETAZOLMIDE	Induction of Diuresis
		AMILORIDE + HYDRO CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Induction of Diuresis
		CHLORTALIDONE	Treatment of Oedema associated w/ heart failure	Clorpres
		CLOPAMIDE	OEDEMA	Adurix
		FUROSEMIDE	Treatment of Oedema associated w/ heart failure	Lasix
		HYDRO CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Treatment of Oedema associated w/ heart failure	Hydrochlorothiazide
		TORASEMIDE	Oedema of renal origin	Demadex
11.	LIPID LOWERING AGENTS	ATORVASTATIN	Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia	Lipitor
		ATORVASTATIN + EZETIMIBE	Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia
		ATORVASTATIN + FENOFIBRATE	Mixed Dyslipidaemia
		BEZAFIBRATE	Treatment of all forms of Hyper Lipoproteinaemias	Bezalip
			Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIA & II B). Hyper Lipoproteinaemias	Baycol, Lipobay
		EZETIMIBE	Primary Hyper Cholesterolamia, homozygous familial hyper cholesterolaemia (phytosterolaemia)	Vytorin and Inegy
		FENOFIBRATE	Treatment of Hyper Lipoproteinamias (Type II A,II B,III,IV,V)	Tricor ,Trilipix , Lipofen, Lofibra, Lipanthyl , Lipidil, Fenogal
		GEMFIBROZIL	Treatment of Hyper Lipoproteinamias (Type II A,II B,III,IV,V)	Lopid, Jezil , Gen-Fibro
		LOVASTATIN	Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIA & II B). Hyper Lipoproteinaemias	Mevacor ,Rovacor
		NICOTINIC ACID	Treatment of Hyper Lipidaemia	Niacin , Niacor,  Nicolar , Nicotinex, Elixir, Slo-Niacin, Novo-Niacin
		PRAVASTATIN	Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIA & II B). Hyper Lipoproteinaemias	Pravachol , Selektine
		ROSUVASTATIN	Primary hyper holesterolaemia (Type II A including hterozygous failial hyper cholesterolaemia (type II B),including familial hyper cholesterolaemia as an adjunc t to diet and  Exercise	Crestor
		SIMVASTATIN	Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (Type IIA & II B). Hyper Lipoproteinaemias	Zocor, Simlup, Simcard, Simvacor,

A. Antihypertensive:
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used in medicine and pharmacology to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). There are many classes of antihypertensives, which—by varying means—act by lowering blood pressure. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5-6 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 40%, of coronary heart disease by 15-20%, and reduces the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from Cardiovascular Disease. Examples of Antihypertensives are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
cozaar	losartan
norvasc	amlodepine
vaseretic	enalapril + hydrochlorothiazide
aceon	perindopril
lopressor	metoprolol
toprol xl	metoprolol tartrate
altace	ramipril
lotrel	amlodepine
lotensin	benazepril hydrochloride
cordrone	amiodarone
tenoretic	atenolol,chlorthalidone
lotensin	benazepril hydrochloride
zebeta	bisoprolol
calan,isoptin	verampil
cilexetil,atacand	candesartan
adalat,procardia	nifeepine
hydrochlorothiazide	hydrochlorothiazide
diovan	valsartan
tenormin	atenolol
vasotec	enalapril
avapro	irbesartan
moduretic	amiloride hcl/hydrochlorothiazide
norvasc	amlodipine besylate
capoten	captopril
cardizem	dilitazem
cardura	doxazosin mesylate
catapres	clonidine
combipres	clonidine,chlorthaidone
esidrix,hydrodiuril,oretic	hydrochlorothiazide
vaseretic	enalapril maleate + hctz
plendil	felodipine
hytrin	terazosin
inderal	propranol
lozol	indapamide
lotensin	benazepril hydrochloride
prinivil,zestril	lisionopril
prizide	lisinopril/hydrochlorothazide
minipress	prazosin

B. Anti Anginals:
Anti Anginals used to treat chest pain which is due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels). Examples of Anti Anginals are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
persantine	dipyridamole
ismo,monoket,imdur	isosorbide mononiterate
adalat,procardia	nifeepine
isordil,sorbitrate	isosorbide diniterate

C. Anticoagulant:
An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. A group of pharmaceuticals called anticoagulants can be used in vivo as a medication for thrombotic disorders. Examples of Anticoagulant are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
coumadin	warfarin sodium
plavix	warfarin sodium

D. Antiarrhythmic:
Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress fast rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
Examples of Antiarrhythmic are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
norpace	disopyramide

E. Antithrombolytics or Fibrinolytics:
Antithrombolytics or Fibrinolytics are used in medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis. They limit the damage caused by the blockage of the blood vessel. Examples of Antithrombolytics or Fibrinolytics are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
norpace	disopyramide

F.Diuretic:
A diuretic is any drug that elevates the rate of bodily urine excretion (diuresis). There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, although each class of diuretic does so in a distinct way. Examples of Diuretics are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
lasix	furosemide

G. Inotropic
Agents used in CHF: An inotrope is an agent which alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.
Most commonly, the inotropic state is used in reference to various drugs that affect the strength of contraction of heart muscle (myocardial contractility). Examples of Inotropic Agents used in CHF are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
lanoxin	digoxin

H. Lipid-Lowering Agents:
Lipid lowering agents are used as a part of a total plan including diet and exercise to reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease and its sequelae. Examples of Lipid-Lowering Agents are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
lipitor	atorvastatin
zocor	simvastatin
tricor	fenofibrate
lopid	gemfibrozil
mevacor	lovastatin

I. Vasodilator:
A vasodilator is a drug or chemical that relaxes the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which causes them to dilate. Dilation of arterial blood vessels (mainly arterioles) lead to a decrease in blood pressure. Examples of Vasodilator are as follows:

Brand Names	Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
pletal	cilostazol