The Musculoskeletal System

The Musculoskeletal System is an organ system that gives animals the ability to physically move using the muscles and skeletal system.

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human and animal body.

It is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue (the tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together). The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus and contains critical components of the hematopoietic system.

This system describes how bones are connected to other bones and muscle fibers via connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments. The bones provide the stability to a body in analogy to iron rods in concrete construction. Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in movement of the bones. To allow motion different bones are connected by joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other. Muscles contract (bunch up) and extend (stretch) to move the bone attached at the joint.

There are, however, diseases and disorders that may adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the system. These diseases can be difficult to diagnose due to the close relation of the musculoskeletal system to other internal systems. The musculoskeletal system refers to the system having its muscles attached to an internal skeletal system and is necessary for humans to move to a more favorable position.

The human musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton, made by bones attached to other bones with joints, and skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Sr Sub Group Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs In Treatment Of Common Brand Name for Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
1. NASAIDS (NON STERODIAL ANTI INFLAMATORY DRUGS) ACELOFENAC Mgt of Oesteoarthritis,
Rheumatoid arthrtis and ankylosing Spondylitis
Hifenac, Acetal
ACELOFENAC+
PARACETAMOL
Mgt of Oesteoarthritis, Rheumatoid
arthrtis and ankylosing Spondylitis
AURANOFIN Active progressive Rheumatoid
arthritis
Ridaura
CELECOXIB Treatment of Osteoarthritis Celebrex, Celebra,
Onsenal
CHLOROQUINE Discoid & systemic Lupus
Erythematosus
CHYMOTRYPSIN It is a proteolytic enzymes that
has been used in pthalmology
for the dissection of the zonule
of the lens, thus facilitating
intracapsular cataract extraction and reducing trauma to the eye. It has
been given for its anti
inflammatory actio, eg. Soft
tissue inflammation and Oedema.
Alphacymotrypsin
DEXIBUPROFEN Pain & inflammation associated
w/ musculoskeletal, joint and soft tissue disorders, primary
dysmenorrhoea.
DIACEREIN Osteoarthritis Diacetylrhein
DICLOFENAC NSAID;Bursitis, Sprains, Strains,
Tendinitis, relief of pain &
inflammation associated
w/musculoskeletal & joint disorders
Voltaren, Abitren, Rthrotec, Cataflam,
Dedolor, Deflamat,
Diclac, Diclofenacum,
Dicloflex, Diclogem,
Diclohexal, Diclon,
Difen, Difene, Flector
patch, Modifenac,
Morbidic, Naklofen, Olfen,
Panamor, Pennsaid,
Rhumalgan, Sandoz, Topac, Vetagesic, Voltaren, Voltarol, Voltfast, Vostar, Votalin,
Voveran, Zipsor, Zolterol
DICLOFENAC +
PARACETAMOL
NSAID;Bursitis, Sprains, Strains,
Tendinitis, relief of pain & inflammation associated w/musculoskeletal & joint
disorders
ETORICOXIB Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis,
acute gout
Arcoxia, Algix, Tauxib
FLURBIPROFEN Treatment of musculoskeletal & joint
disorders
Ansaid , Froben
GLUCOSAMINE Osteoarthritis;rheumatic
disorders
IBUPROFEN Treatment of fever & pain in children Brufen
IBUPROFEN +
PARACETAMOL
Treatment of fever & pain in children
INDOMETACIN Mgt of chronic musculoskeletal & joint disorders Indocin, Indocid,
Indochron ER,
Indocin SR
KETOPROFEN Treatment of rheumatic
disorders
Orudis, Oruvail, Ketoflam, Lasonil, Zon, Actron
LEFLUNOMIDE Treatment of active
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arava
MEFENAMIC ACID Relief of mild to moderate pain, Dental pain, Post
operative pain, Dysmenorrhoea,
0steoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis, Menorrhagia
Ponstel, Ponstan,
Ponstol, Parkemed,
Mefepain, Meftol
MELOXICAM Treatment of acute exacerbations of Osteoarthritis Movalis, Melox, Recoxa,
Mobec, Mobicox, Melocam, Metacam
NABUMETONE Relief of pain and inflammation associated w/ Osteoarthrtis
and Reheumatoid arthritis
Relafen, Relifex
NAPROXEN Treatment of Rheumatic
Disorders, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Dysmenorrhoea, acute
muscloskeletal disorders and treatment of acute Gout
Anaprox, Antalgin, Flanax, Miranax, Naprelan,
Naprogesic, Naprosyn,
Proxen, Synflex, Xenobid.
NIMESULIDE Releif of mild to moderate
pain and Fever, Inflammatory conditions
Aulin, Ainex, Drexel,
Donulide, Edrigyl, Enetra, Eskaflam, Heugan, Mesulid, Minapon, NeRelid, Nexen, Nidolon, Nimed, Nimedex, Nimesil, Nimulid, Nimutab,
Nise, Nisulid, Nodard Plus
NIMESULIDE+
RACEMETHIONINE
Short term treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumtoid arthritis, Low back pain, Dysmenorrhoea, Dental pain, Post opeartive pain, Inflammation of Ear,
Nose and Throat, Cancer Pain, Sports injuries
PARECOXIB Analgesia, Post opeartive pain Dynastat
PENICILLAMINE Cystinuria, severe active rheumatoid arthritis Cuprimine, Depen
PIROXICAM Treatment of Rheumatic disorders Feldene, Brexidal,
Brexin, Erazon
PIROXICAM+BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN Treatment of Rheumatic disorders;acute musculoskeletal conditions
SERRAPEPTASE Relief of inflammation and Oedema associated w/ trauma, infection or chronic venous insufficiency Sarratiapeptose, Serratia Peptidose
TENOXICAM Symptomatic mgt of musculoskeltal and joint disorders, short term mgt
of soft tissue injury
Mobifex
2. MUSCLE RELAXANTS ACECLOFENAC +CHLORZOXAZONE +PARACETAMOL
BACLOFEN Symptomatic releif of severe chronic Spasticity associated w/ a variety of conditions Kemstro , Lioresal
CARISOPRODOL Adjunct in the short term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm associated w/musculoskeletal conditions Soma, sanoma, Carisoma
CHLORMEZANONE Adjunct in the short term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm associated w/musculoskeletal conditions
CHLORZOXAZONE Adjunct in the short term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm
associated w/musculoskeletal conditions
METHOCARBAMOL Adjunct in the short term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm
associated w/musculoskeletal conditions
Robaxin, Robaxacet, Robax, Platinum
TIZANIDINE Symptomatic releif of spasticity associated w/ multiple sclerosis orw/ spinal cord injury or disease Zanoflex Sirdalud
3. ANTIGOUT DRUGS ALLOPURINOL Prevention of uric acid induced nephropathy in patients receiving high doses of anti neoplastic drugs(secondary Gount); treatment of Hyperuricaemia associated
w/ Cancer Chemotherapy
Zyloprim, Allohexal, Allosig, Progout, Zyloric, Puricos
COLCHICINE Releif of acute Gout
4 RUBAFACIENTS, TOPICAL ANALGESICS & TOPICAL NASAID ACECLOFENAC
DICLOFENAC Voltaren
IBUPROFEN
KETOPROFEN Orudis and Oruvail
NAPROXEN
NIMESULIDE Aulin, Ainex, Drexel, Donulide,
Edrigyl, Enetra, Eskaflam, Heugan, Mesulid, Minapon, NeRelid, Nexen, Nidolon,
Nimed, Nimedex, Nimesil, Nimulid, Nimutab, Nise, Nisulid
PIROXICAM Feldene, Brexidal, Brexin,
Erazon, Exipan, Mobilis
5. NEUROMUSCULAR DRUGS DONEPEZIL Symptomatic treatment of
mild to moderately severe Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease
Aricept
NEOSTIGMINE Treatment of Myasthaenia Gravis;treatment of paralytic Ileus and post operative Urinary retention Prostigmin, Vagastigmin
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE Treatment of Myasthaenia Gravis;
treatment of neonatal Myasthaenia Gravis
RIVASTIGMINE Treatment of mild to moderately severe Dementia
in Alzheimer's disease
Exelon

A. Anti Gout Drugs:
Gout is a disease created by a buildup of uric acid. In this condition, monosodium urate or uric acid crystals are deposited on the articular cartilage of joints, tendons and surrounding tissues due to elevated concentrations of uric acid in the blood stream. This provokes an inflammatory reaction of these tissues. Examples of Anti Gout Drugs are as follows:

Brand Names Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
zyloprim allopurinol

B. Antimigrane
Antimigrane is used to treat Migraine which is a neurological syndrome that can cause a wide range of symptoms during an attack. The most commonly thought of symptom is headache. Examples of Antimigrane are as follows:

Brand Names Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
imitrex sumatriptan

C. Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasm and pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Examples of Muscle relaxant are as follows:

Brand Names Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
soma carisoprodol
zanaflex tizanidine
robaxin methocarbamol

D. Neuromuscular Drugs
There are many Neuromuscular drugs which are as follows:

Brand Names Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
exelon rivastigmine
mestinon pyridostigmine

E. NSAIDs Antirheumatism
Rheumatism or Rheumatic disorder is a non-specific term for medical problems affecting the heart, bones, joints, kidney, skin and lung. Examples of NSAIDs Antirheumatoids are as follows:

Brand Names Generic Prescription (Rx) Drugs
arava leflunomide
celebrex celecoxib
mobic meloxicam
naprelan naproxen
naprosyn naproxen
relafen nabumetone
celebrex celecoxib
advil, medipren ibuprofen
indocin sr indomethacin